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Knowledge of time at sea allows determination of longitude. The first practical seagoing clock was John Harrison's timekeeper No. 4. The historic 1759 instrument gained a 20,000 pound reward for the English inventor by Parliament 250 years ago. On January 1, 1959, the U.S. Naval Observatory introduced a system of uniform atomic time using cesium beam atomic oscillators. This measurement was adopted as standard by the International Committee on Weights and Measures. (Photo taken by Robert DeGast for Proceedings magazine, June 1964)

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101210-N-0000X-001 DAHLGREN, Va. (Dec. 10, 2010) High-speed camera image of the Office of Naval Research Electromagnetic Railgun located at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division, firing a world-record setting 33 mega-joule shot, breaking the previous record established Jan. 31, 2008. The railgun is a long-range, high-energy gun launch system that uses electricity rather than gunpowder or rocket motors to launch projectiles capable of striking a target at a range of more than 200 nautical miles with Mach 7 velocity. A future tactical railgun will hit targets at ranges almost 20 times farther than conventional surface ship combat systems. (U.S. Navy photo/Released)

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To uncover oil reserves in Northern Alaska which might be available in case of a National emergency in petroleum, Navy Seabees, led by Captain Bart W. Gillespie, CEC, USNR, set out from Tacoma, Washington, in two ships loaded with 8200 long tons of freight, including some of the world's heaviest construction machinery. Amphibious landings were made on the northern tips of Point Barrow and Cape Simpson. From there, the expedition moved inland 180 miles - actually a land trek of 331 miles - to Umiat. The entire expedition, accomplished without loss of life or equipment, was eight times the size of normal Arctic explorations. With an 'open season' of only six weeks, each phase required hair-split timing. Now a base, complete with warehouses and a landing strip for planes has been established. In this photo a drill rig was being assembled by Seabees in Northern Alaska for aid in uncovering oil reserves. U.S. Navy Photo released August 11, 1945.

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An enclosed, insulated drill rig permitted year-4ound operations by the Navy's Pet 4 project in Northern Alaska circa the late 1940's. Martin Sheridan feature foto.

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Highlights of the Naval Petroleum Oil Reserves drilling operation included the naval task force visit in mid-summer with supplies for the year. Unloading depended on weather conditions. This landing craft was left over from the preceeding year. Martin Sheridan feature foto circa 1940's.

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Drilling operations at Simpson No. 1 which was drilled to over 7,000 feet at Naval Petroleum Oil Reserves in Northern Alaska. Martin Sheridan feature foto circa 1940's.

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'Cat trains' snaked their way across the frozen tundra as the Navy pushed its search for oil into the Arctic. This seismograph train included two wanigans for living quarters at the Naval Petroleum Oil Reserves in Northern Alaska. Martin Sheridan feature foto circa 1940's.

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Photo of a sign over the Headquarters Building at Point Barrow, Alaska. Martin Sheridan feature foto circa 1940's.

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The only vehicle with wheels at Point Barrow at the time this photograph was taken was the U.S. Navy's 'Polar Cab Company'. Martin Sheridan feature foto circa 1940's.

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Ground Control Approach (GCA) trailer at Qunset Point, RI.

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TOº?

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Aerial view of the U.S. Naval Air Facilities in Wake Island. Photo dated January 1956.

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